Application Note

Millimeter Wave And Sub-THz Power Sweep And Active Load-Pull Measurements

Maury - load pull measurements

The rise of semiconductor technologies is fueling new applications within the mmWave and sub-THz frequency ranges, notably in 5G, 6G, automotive radar, and scientific research. Key performance metrics such as output power, gain, and efficiency are critical for assessing the viability of these technologies. To optimize these parameters, designers use power sweep and load-pull measurements. Load-pull techniques involve varying the load impedance presented to a device under test (DUT) to analyze performance across different conditions, generating contours that visualize optimal performance points and trade-offs.

In this application note, explore why active load-pull systems are particularly relevant at mmWave and sub-THz frequencies. These systems utilize a vector network analyzer (VNA) to generate RF signals, which are manipulated in magnitude and phase before being injected into the DUT. By measuring reflected signals, engineers can iteratively adjust input signals to achieve desired load conditions. Advanced VNA extender modules enhance measurement capabilities at higher frequencies, enabling more accurate assessments of device performance. Recent developments in high-power extenders allow for comprehensive gain compression and power-added efficiency (PAE) measurements, essential for advancing semiconductor applications across various sectors.

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